Teens Go Gaga over Vampires

Teens Go Gaga Over Vampires: Its Causes and Effects Abstract This article will identify and discuss the reasons why teenagers are obsessed with vampires and what effects does it have on them. Study shows that this obsession has a great impact on both the teenager as an individual and to the people who surround her. The researcher studied and investigated the topic by finding different articles, essays, data and surveys from different sources in the Internet, as well as reading some vampire novels herself.The survey conducted by the researcher was among teenagers aged 14 to 16 who are Filipinos. All the research done about what cause this obsession came to one particular conclusion. Teens are obsessed and are addicted with vampires because they happen to fall in love with the vampire’s characteristics, some value the vampire’s physical appearance, while others take notice of the vampire’s romantic actions. This obsession has a lot of effects to our society today, both positive and negative.Teens Go Gaga Over Vampires: Its Causes and Effects Vampire, the word itself says it all. Even though the term vampires was not made known to people before the 18th century, most people agree that vampires originated long ago during the prehistoric times in many different cultures that are related to vampires (Betonio, 2011). Many choose to believe that vampires are just myths that only exists in people’s minds and imagination.Many also believe in the existence of vampires in our world, that they are not just myths and stories, but are real. People even classified vampires according to their kind. According to Agnes Embile Jimenez (2008), there is the Danag, which is a Filipino vampire known originally as a harmless vampire who helps the humans in their livelihood until one day when the Danag sucked all the blood out from a woman whose finger was wounded.There is the Romanian Varacolaci, who is described as a powerful undead being who has the abilit y to morph into a beautiful human. There is the very fast vampire from Slovakia who is called as the Nelapsi. Last but not the least, there is the Italian vampire, the Stregonibenefici, who is said to belong to the good side and is an enemy to all other vampires who do not side with the good.Some additional kinds of vampires from Sarah Todd (2008) are the Lilith, a Hebrew demon, who drinks the blood of a baby; the African vampire, the Adze, who drinks coconut milk, palm oil and blood and who appears as a firefly but turns human-like once captured; the Impundulu or the Lightning Bird, who is a giant bird who has the ability to turn into a handsome man to lure women whose blood they will consume; the Asanboam who lives in trees and flies down whenever they see a possible prey; the Ramanga who were originally human but evolved eventually due to the nail parings they eat and the sucking of their master’s lost blood; Jiang Shi, the Chinese vampire, who is made when the soul dead c annot escape its body; and the Caribbean vampire Loogaroo, a female vampire. In literature, the first major work about vampires is the short German poem, The Vampire, which was written by Heinrich August Ossenfelde in 1748. The first example of a vampire who has no choice to be one and loathes himself is Varney from the epic book, Varney the Vampire, which was written by James Malcolm Rymer in 1845. Carmilla, written by Sheridan le Fanu in 1872, was the first book with an erotic vampire. The story was about a heroine seduced by a female vampire whose blood was later drunk by the vampire. In 1897, the famous Dracula by Bram Stoker was published.Bram Stoker mixed death, blood, and sex with medieval vampire myths and vampire stories that are present during his days. After almost half of a century, Richard Mattheson wrote the book I am Legend where the story revolves around a post-apocalyptic age where vampirism is a disease. This was often called as the first modern vampire novel. In 1 975, Salem’s Lot by Stephen King was introduced to the world. King made the 20th century Maine as the setting of the story. After a year, the most famous Vampire Chronicles by Anne Rice changed the whole concept of vampires. Vampire Chronicles featured vampires who are romantic and are the opposite of how they were first introduced (Laming, n. . ). In the year 2005, Stephenie Meyer published the phenomenal Twilight, the first book to the epic series that gave birth to billions of vampire-addicted teens and tweens in the 21st century. It all started when Meyer dreamt of a scene in 2003 wherein a handsome young vampire was talking to an ordinary human girl. After having this dream, she decided to make a story out of it. After many sleepless nights and countless instances where she wanted to give up, she still continued on working. And all that work finally paid off when that dream finally became Twilight. Twilight is about a story of two individuals who fell in love with each o ther.The difference it makes from other love stories is that Twilight is a love story between a human and a vampire, specifically Edward Cullen and Bella Swan. Bella Swan was just an ordinary girl, but to Edward Cullen, she was the most exquisite thing he has ever seen in his 104 years of existence. He treated her better than how he treated anyone else, even himself. He loved her like there is nothing else to love. He made her his reason for living. All these were perfectly described in the book. As someone who was able to read about their love story, who would not fall in love with this mythical being. Edward Cullen was the reason why teenage girls are obsessed with vampires today. Edward Cullen was the cause for this century’s cult-like vampire fans.This obsession has great effects to the lives of those teenagers who are addicted to these vampires. Because vampires in novels, movies and television show nowadays tend to have better qualities than humans that attract teens, s pecifically girls, causing them to be obsessed and to be addicted to the vampires. Teenage girls say that they like these vampires because of their characteristics. Discussion Vampires is novels, movies and television are already given a brand new image by authors these days which is based on the 19th century European Vampires (Rhoads, 2007). These authors do not describe them as how vampires were originally introduced.The word vampire itself is also associated with the word vamp, which means a woman who uses her charms or wiles to seduce and exploit men as a noun, and to practice seductive wiles on as a verb (Merriam-Webster, 1999). Instead of giving them a horrifying image, they gave them an image that everyone would want for themselves. Before the year 2000, most people still refer to vampires as monsters who seduce their prey who drain their prey’s blood afterwards even though the image of vampires in literature started to change as early as the 19th century. They also de scribe vampires as creatures who are scared of any kind of light because light may hurt them and may make them vanish into nothing. This description also came to the theory that vampires only attack during night, sleep in coffins and live in very dark places.Physically, they were described as creatures who have fangs as their teeth, powder-white skin and who wears black robes, which make them look like they are black and white. It is also said that vampires are cold-skinned because they are already considered as lifeless beings who continue to live despite the fact they do not have blood flowing inside of them. In 2005, when Twilight was published, vampires were described differently altogether. In almost all books published after 2005, proceeding Twilight, vampires are described as â€Å"beautiful people†. Vampires are described as more human-like, without fangs for their teeth, and even vary in skin color. They do not die nor do they age.Though they still drink blood, becau se this is what makes them a vampire, authors like Stephenie Meyer described her main characters, the Cullens to be exact, as â€Å"vegetarian vampires† or vampires who do not drink human blood but drinks animal blood as a substitute. While Twilight features vegetarian vampires, Blue Bloods still have vampires who drink human blood, but in a different manner. Even though they drink human blood, they do not drain the humans, they just drink a bit of the human’s blood to sustain their lives; they are prohibited to drink all the blood a human has. They even have a name for this event, â€Å"Caerimonia Oscular† or more popularly known as the â€Å"sacred kiss†.The humans from whom they drink blood are called their â€Å"human familiars†, and once they drink from a human, that human will be physically attached to the vampire. In other words, that human will fall in love with the vampire who drank from them. Most of these characteristics are found in alm ost all vampires today, some are even found in novels that involve fallen angels. Some of these famous vampires are Schuyler van Alen and Jack Force from the Blue Bloods series by Melissa de la Cruz, Zoey from P. C. Cast’s House of Night Series, Elena Gilbert from Vampire Diaries by L. J. Smith and of course, Edward Cullen from Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight Saga.Besides the characteristics of these vampires, they make a great impact to the people who surround them. Another factor that attracts teenagers to them is how they treat those that they love and care for, and how those they love feel about them as well. Presently, many authors continue to write love stories about vampires, even though they were thought as heartless monsters who do not have the ability to love before. In books, vampires love differently from humans, which is why humans fall in love with them. Vampires treat the one that they love like he or she is the last being in the whole world. They will do any thing for the one that they love, even though it is the hardest thing that they will ever do.They would want to die if they found out that the one that they love is now dead. They will want everything that is the best for the person they love. They will respond very quickly and would want to answer â€Å"yes† all the time. They will sacrifice anything just to keep the one they love safe from danger. Most importantly, they will never look at or be interested in someone else other than the person that they love; they will always remain faithful and would love unconditionally. Though the way that a vampire loves is incomparable, no one should belittle how a human loves the vampire who loves him or her as well. Since they are just humans, they sometimes get confused about who they really love.But even so, they will still realize that the one that they truly love is the vampire who loves them. They become obsessed about their vampire â€Å"boyfriend† or â€Å"girlfriendâ⠂¬ . They want to spend every minute with the one that they love. They become attached to these vampires. Some would even agree to let the vampire drink their blood. Of course, they would also want to die for the safety of the person that they love. Since humans in novels, books, movies and television shows are already obsessed and addicted to these vampires, teenage girls who gets a chance to read these books or watch these shows and movies also get obsessed with the vampires featured in each.They say that they like these vampires because of their supernatural abilities, their physical appearance, which they describe as â€Å"hot†, their immortality, the forbidden love that the vampire and human has, and the butterflies that these vampires send to their stomachs. The attitude that humans in novels and movies have toward these vampires is still acceptable since they exist in the same world. The unhealthy thing for these teenage girls is that they become obsessed with these v ampires even though they already know that they are just fictional characters and that they do not exist in real life. Because of everything about these vampires, teenagers become addicted to them.Some even say or admit that they have already fallen in love with these vampires. As they are addicted to these vampires, most do not even have the slightest idea of what effects this obsession has on them. Some say that it affects them positively, but they fail to admit that those positive effects cannot be compared to the negative effects it has on them. Some positive effects or benefits this obsession can cause them to love reading books. If they loved reading the first book, they will continue on reading the following books in the series; and if they already read the whole series, they will continue to read other series that have the same qualities they loved in the first series that they read.Reading these novels will help them broaden their vocabulary and enhance their skills in Engl ish. It will also develop their patience and concentration. With benefits, there will always be side effects. The negative effects that this obsession has on teens are greater than the benefits it has. Firstly, because of their addiction, they forget to prioritize. They do not set their priorities straight and tend to give importance to those things that do not really need importance then forgetting about the things that really matter. They also forget about the real issues in their lives. They get stuck up on this â€Å"vampire world† of theirs. They never think of anything else besides these vampires.There are also those who think that it is good to be obsessed with your boyfriend or girlfriend just like what Twilight tells them (McCarthy, 2009). Some also become insecure of themselves because of the way the vampires are described. They also never get contented of what they have and would wait for a better one, a perfect one, just like how the vampires are stated in books. As Wyck Godfrey (n. d. ), director of Twilight, accidentally said, â€Å"There’s a huge amount of danger in this movie [Twilight]. There’s also just the excitement of a teenager doing things that are verboten. These are things that people connect to. And not just girls; I think that guys will discover it’s dangerous, there’s action, there’s a thriller element to it, and then, ultimately, that it’s cool to be a vampire. Another negative effect this obsession has on teens is that they bite, cut and suck blood from themselves. Though this is far from being true, it really does happen. This problem was even included in an article from consumer reports entitled â€Å"10 Troubling Teen Trends† by Dr. Orly Avitzur(n. d. ). These are just some of the common effects of this addiction to the teenagers as individuals, and most of them do not even realize it. But this obsession does not only affect these teenagers, but also all the people who su rround him or her. If they do not realize what effects this obsession has on them, how more can they realize the effects it has to their society, community or family.Parents, siblings, other family members, teachers, classmates, friends and others admit that they are also affected by obsession that teenagers have on vampires. Parents say that their children who get addicted to theses vampires bring nothing but trouble to them, especially to Christian families. First, because of this obsession, teenagers waste their time reading these nonsense books and watching these nonsense movies, leaving no amount of time for them to study or do their home works or projects. Before reading these books, they would buy them, and when these books are adapted into movies, they will surely watch them, wasting a lot of money.Some parents also admit that their children tend to follow these vampires. To Christian families, it has greater effects since the Bible stated that those who drinks blood and cla ims to be vampires are committing a sin against God (Goodwyn, n. d. ). You are to abstain from food sacrificed to idols, from blood, from meat of strangles animals and from sexual immorality. You will do well to avoid these things. Farewell. Acts 15:29  (Zondervan, 1983) Siblings and friends are also influenced by this obsession. If the teenager who is obsessed with vampires is older than his or her siblings, the younger siblings would follow the older sibling and would end up addicted to vampires as well.The same principle goes with the individual’s friends; they also follow what their friend does. There are also individuals who get addicted to vampires as well because of wanting to fit in. Some individuals who do not know anything about these vampires moreover are fascinated by them, say that they are bothered by the obsession teenagers have on these supernatural beings. They say that they do not like going to malls whenever a new vampire movie comes out, like Twilight, b ecause the mall gets too crowded. Consumers, like the teenagers, take these productions positively because they do not know what they are in for. Because the consumers continuously accept these offers, producers keep on producing them.The only positive outcome of this obsession is to the producers. This obsession is the source of their income. Due to this obsession, they get huge amounts of profits in producing vampire-affiliated shows, books, films or even products that feature the pictures of these vampires. Almost all are aware of the continuing growth of the population of teenagers who are addicted or obsessed with this kind of literature. Some may benefit from it but most just suffer from it. Some say that this obsession is almost like a mental illness wherein everyone, from children to adults, rich or poor, is a candidate. The teenager’s obsession on vampires is becoming a severe case in our society today.They even have terms like OCD, which stands for Obsessive Cullen Disorder or OVD, which means Obsessive Vampire Disorder If drug addiction, alcoholism, casino addiction and cigarette smoking can be cured through therapy in rehabilitation centers, vampire obsession most certainly can be cured. It’s all in the matter of the mind. If you are obsessed with something, you can’t help but spending almost all of your time doing things related to your obsession. You should start taking small steps towards your goal. Try to do some other stuff that does not have anything to do with vampires. Think of other things or do things which will occupy your mind so that you will forget about the vampires first.Slowly do these things until you know that you are already â€Å"cured† from your disorder (Patrick, n. d. ). Parents and other people who surround the individual should also show their support. They should also be with the individual every step of the way. This will help in boosting the individual’s confidence that he or she can d o it. Parents and friends should also comfort the individual whenever he or she is having a breakdown. If it can be cured, then it surely can be prevented. If you realize or happen to observe that you are beginning to have a different view, a better one, about these vampires, you might be starting to become obsessed or addicted to them. You should stop as early as you realize this.If you continue on reading books about them or watching movies where they are portrayed, you will get addicted to them in no time. Once you become addicted, it will take a long process before you will be able to totally get rid of your addiction. Preventing this addiction will also need your concentration. You should concentrate about your goal. You should stop yourself from anything that tempts you to read those books or watch those films and shows again. Of course, just like in curing this addiction, parents should always be there for the individual and should be very supportive. Parents should say that they are proud that their child knows how to stop his or her self. The obsession teens have on these ictional vampires found in literature has a lot of different effects both to them and to the society. Even though some may benefit from this obsession, those benefits cannot be compared to the numerous negative effects it has to the individual and to his or her surroundings, especially to the individual’s parents, siblings and friends. It is encouraged that teenagers should start dealing with their obsession as it may lead to a condition which is much more worse than what they have now. People who are surrounding the individual should know how to give their support and encouragement, especially parents. References Avitzur, O. (n. d. ). 10 troubling teen trends.Retrieved August 12, 2011 from http://www. consumerreports. org/health/healthy-living/health-safety/10-troublesome-trends-to-talk-to-your-teen-about/overview/index. htm Betonio, D. (2011). 20 spectacular must read vampir e books. Retrieved July 25, 2011, from http://www. tripwiremagazine. com/2011/07/vampire-books. html Godfrey, W. (n. d. ). A christian response to vampire obsession. Retrieved July 25, 2011, from http://www. cbn. com/entertainment/screen/goodwyn-vampires-twilight-obsession. aspx Goodwyn, H. (n. d. ). A christian response to vampire obsession. Retrieved July 25, 2011, from http://www. cbn. com/entertainment/screen/goodwyn-vampires-twilight-obsession. spx Holy Bible, New International Version. (1983). Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House. Jimenez, A. E. (2008). Kinds of vampires. Retrieved July 25, 2011, from http://www. empressofdrac. com/2008/09/29/kinds-of-vampires/ Laming, S. (n. d. ). A brief history of vampires in literature. Retrieved July 25, 2011, from http://www. abebooks. com/books/dracula-twilight-sookie-stackhouse/history-vampires-literature. shtml Patrick. (n. d. ). Learn more about reading addiction. Retrieved July 25, 2011, from http://www. readingaddicti on. com/20/beating-addiction/learn-more-about-reading-addiction McCarthy, C. (2009). Obsession and risk talking: What new moon

Deadly Unna Essay

Phillip Gwyne’s novel, â€Å"Deadly Unna? † explores how the main character Gary Black, a white boy from the â€Å"Port† also known as â€Å"Blacky† grows up by not agreeing to racism. Blacky experiences prejudice and friendship from both the aboriginal and white communities. Blacky begins to develop a greater tolerance for aborigines and their culture, and then he further attempts to apply this knowledge to the intolerant and prejudiced town in which he lives. The boy who helps him shift in his opinion of aborigines is a local aborigine named â€Å"Dumby Red†, who lives in the aboriginal missionary â€Å"The Point†. Dumby is of Blacky’s Football team and helps Blacky in various ways to become more tolerant. Throughout the book, Blacky learns many things about friendship. Blacky begins to understand the aborigines and their culture, and he then tries to apply it to the intolerant town in which he lives. Blacky’s first step is when Dumby saved him from being beaten up by Mad Dog, giving Blacky a reason to stop hating Dumby. The only reason why Blacky hated Dumby in the first place was because his friends Dazza and Pickles disliked aboriginals. After Dumby said bye to Blacky after a footy game, his Port friends asked Blacky if they were friends. Blacky replies; â€Å"No way. Not him. I hate his guts. (Ibid, p. 25). This shows it is not that Blacky did not like Dumby, it is just that Dazza and Pickles pressured Blacky to dislike Aboriginals and not to befriend them. Blackys friendship with Dumby later develops into Blacky being accepted and befriending Dumby’s family and relatives. Despite his two Port friends Pickles and Dazza. Blacky stays proud of his new friendship with Dumby. Blacky gradually matures by the end of the year learning a lot about himself from the aborigines and his fellow town. At the start of the book Blacky likes an aborigine named Clarence; Darcy (Blacky’s mate) gives him advice about Clarence and other female aborigines, Darcy states; â€Å"Just a word of advice from an old bugger who’s seen a thing or two in his day. You be careful of these gins (Female aborigines) now, lad. Nice girls, but they’ve all got the clap (Gonorrhea). Every last one of ‘em’. † (Gwynne, 1998, p. 122). Blacky thinks about this for a moment and agrees that Darcy is quite smart so decides to be careful of Clarence. Later in the story Blacky is sitting at the bar and Big Mac, the bar tender starts to tell a racist joke. When he finishes and the entire bar starts laughing, Blacky does not, he has heard and told the joke before and laughed at it, but it did not seem funny now because of his new friendship with Dumby and Clarence. This shows how Blacky has grown and how he has no humour for racisms. Blacky’s thoughts about prejudice in the town are confirmed after the football presentations. When the McRae medal was won by Mark Arks (from the white boys footy team), Blacky could not believe that his town could go this far and be so racist, Dumby had contributed so much to the team all season, he had been the true team player and was the best and everyone in the Port new it, but they continued to say nothing, Blacky then became really angry. Blacky states;â€Å"its bullshit, that’s Dumbys trophy,† (Ibid, p. 133). Blacky realized how racist his town was against the Nungas (Aboriginals). This was the turning point of Blacky’s view of the town. Blacky realized how much the Goonyas (white people) in his town hated the Nungas. Another example of Prejudice is when Blacky told Pickles and Darcy about Dumby’s funeral both of them thought Dumby deserved to die just because he robbed a bar. Pickles states; â€Å"The old man reckons he got what he deserved. † (Ibid, p. 205-206) and Darcy agrees. Blacky saw that his friends were being prejudiced towards Dumby and the whole town is prejudiced towards the aborigines and their culture. Blacky’s thoughts and actions on Prejudice, Friendship and Growing up have developed into a more balanced position by the end of the year. Blacky was an immature little boy laughing at racist jokes but now he has matured into a young man driven by the prejudice in the town and his friendship with Dumby. Blacky shows this in his actions by not attending Cathy’s BBQ or going fishing with his dad and attending Dumby Red’s funeral at the Point with all the Aboriginals. This was a hard decision to make as Cathy would hate him and his father would declare him a gutless wonder for the rest of his life. There was a challenge in this as well as the aborigines might not want him there as he was a Goonya. Clarence states;â€Å"Hey, thanks for coming and all, brudda† (Ibid, p. 29). This shows that even though Blacky wasn’t family he was just as close to Dumby as a friend or brother. Gwyne’s novel, â€Å"Deadly Unna? † explores Blacky’s life and how he has made a priceless friendship with Dumby. Blacky mellows throughout the novel by disagreeing with racism and how prejudiced the town is towards Aboriginals. Blacky experiences many emotions throughout the novel and this culminates when Blacky attends Dumby’s funeral, thus showing his friendship with Dumby, Maturing to make his own decisions and how he is not amused by Prejudice anymore.

Barack Obama - Knox College Commencement Address

Barack Obama Commencement Address at Knox College delivered 4 June 2005, Galesburg, Illinois You know, it has been about six months now since you sent me to Washington as your United States Senator. I recognize that not all of you voted for me, so for those of you muttering under your breath I didn’t send you anywhere, thats ok too. Maybe we’ll hold What do you call it? a little Pumphandle after the ceremony. Change your mind for the next time. It has been a fascinating journey thus far. Each time I walk onto the Senate floor, Im reminded of the history, for good and for ill, that has been made there. But there have been a few surreal moments. For example, I remember the day before I was sworn in, myself and my staff, we decided to hold a press conference in our office. Now, keep in mind that I am ranked 99th in seniority. I was proud that I wasn’t ranked dead last until I found out that it’s just because Illinois is bigger than Colorado. So I’m 99th in seniority, and all the reporters are crammed into the tiny transition office that I have, which is right next to the janitor’s closet in the basement of the Dirksen Office Building. It’s my first day in the building, I have not taken a single vote, I have not introduced one bill, had not even sat down in my desk, and this very earnest reporter raises his hand and says: â€Å"Senator Obama, what is your place in history?† I did what you just did, which is laugh out loud. I said, place in history? I thought he was kidding. At that point, I wasn’t even sure the other Senators would save a place for me at the cool kids’ table. But as I was thinking about the words to share with this class, about what’s next, about what’s possible, and what opportunities lay ahead, I actually think it’s not a bad question for you, the class of 2005, to ask yourselves: What will be your place in history? In other eras, across distant lands, this question could be answered with relative ease and certainty. As a servant in Rome, you knew you’d spend your life forced to build somebody else’s Empire. As a peasant in 11th Century China, you knew that no matter how hard you worked, the local warlord might come and take everything you had and you also knew that famine might come knocking at the door. As a subject of King George, you knew that your freedom of worship and your freedom to speak and to build your own life would be ultimately limited by the throne. And then America happened. A place where destiny was not a destination, but a journey to be shared and shaped and remade by people who had the gall, the temerity to believe that, against all odds, they could form â€Å"a more perfect union† on this new frontier. And as people around the world began to hear the tale of the lowly colonists who overthrew an empire for the sake of an idea, they started to come. Across oceans and the ages, they settled in Boston and Charleston, Chicago and St. Louis, Kalamazoo and Galesburg, to try and build their own American Dream. This collective dream moved forward imperfectly it was scarred by our treatment of native peoples, betrayed by slavery, clouded by the subjugation of women, shaken by war and depression. And yet, brick by brick, rail by rail, calloused hand by calloused hand, people kept dreaming, and building, and working, and marching, and petitioning their government, until they made America a land where the question of our place in history is not answered for us. It’s answered by us. Have we failed at times? Absolutely. Will you occasionally fail when you embark on your own American journey? You surely will. But the test is not perfection. The true test of the American ideal is whether we’re able to recognize our failings and then rise together to meet the challenges of our time. Whether we allow ourselves to be shaped by events and history, or whether we act to shape them. Whether chance of birth or circumstance decides life’s big winners and losers, or whether we build a community where, at the very least, everyone has a chance to work hard, get ahead, and reach their dreams. We have faced this choice before. At the end of the Civil War, when farmers and their families began moving into the cities to work in the big factories that were sprouting up all across America, we had to decide: Do we do nothing and allow captains of industry and robber barons to run roughshod over the economy and workers by competing to see who can pay the lowest wages at the worst working conditions? Or do we try to make the system work by setting up basic rules for the market, instituting the first public schools, busting up monopolies, letting workers organize into unions? We chose to act, and we rose together. When the irrational exuberance of the Roaring Twenties came crashing down with the stock market, we had to decide: do we follow the call of leaders who would do nothing, or the call of a leader who, perhaps because of his physical paralysis, refused to accept political paralysis? We chose to act regulating the market, putting people back to work, expanding bargaining rights to include health care and a secure retirement and together we rose. When World War II required the most massive home front mobilization in history and we needed every single American to lend a hand, we had to decide: Do we listen to skeptics who told us it wasn’t possible to produce that many tanks and planes? Or, did we build Roosevelt’s Arsenal for Democracy and grow our economy even further by providing our returning heroes with a chance to go to college and own their own home? Again, we chose to act, and again, we rose together. Today, at the beginning of this young century, we have to decide again. But this time, it is your turn to choose. Here in Galesburg, you know what this new challenge is. You’ve seen it. All of you, your first year in college saw what happened at 9/11. It’s already been noted, the degree to which your lives will be intertwined with the war on terrorism that currently is taking place. But what you’ve also seen, perhaps not as spectacularly, is the fact that when you drive by the old Maytag plant around lunchtime, no one walks out anymore. I saw it during the campaign when I met union guys who worked at the plant for 20, 30 years and now wonder what they’re gonna do at the age of 55 without a pension or health care; when I met the man who’s son needed a new liver but because he’d been laid off, didn’t know if he could afford to provide his child the care that he needed. It’s as if someone changed the rules in the middle of the game and no wonder no one bothered to tell these folks. And, in reality, the rules have changed. It started with technology and automation that rendered entire occupations obsolete. When was the last time anybody here stood in line for the bank teller instead of going to the ATM, or talked to a switchboard operator? Then it continued when companies like Maytag were able to pick up and move their factories to some under developed country where workers were a lot cheaper than they are in the United States. As Tom Friedman points out in his new book, The World Is Flat, over the last decade or so, these forces technology and globalization have combined like never before. So that while most of us have been paying attention to how much easier technology has made our own lives sending e-mails back and forth on our blackberries, surfing the Web on our cell phones, instant messaging with friends across the world a quiet revolution has been breaking down barriers and connecting the world’s economies. Now business not only has the ability to move jobs wherever there’s a factory, but wherever there’s an internet connection. Countries like India and China realized this. They understand that they no longer need to be just a source of cheap labor or cheap exports. They can compete with us on a global scale. The one resource they needed were skilled, educated workers. So they started schooling their kids earlier, longer, with a greater emphasis on math and science and technology, until their most talented students realized they don’t have to come to America to have a decent life they can stay right where they are. The result? China is graduating four times the number of engineers that the United States is graduating. Not only are those Maytag employees competing with Chinese and Indian and Indonesian and Mexican workers, you are too. Today, accounting firms are e-mailing your tax returns to workers in India who will figure them out and send them back to you as fast as any worker in Illinois or Indiana could. When you lose your luggage in Boston at an airport, tracking it down may involve a call to an agent in Bangalore, who will find it by making a phone call to Baltimore. Even the Associated Press has outsourced some of their jobs to writers all over the world who can send in a story at a click of a mouse. As Prime Minister Tony Blair has said, in this new economy, Talent is the 21st century wealth. If youve got the skills, youve got the education, and you have the opportunity to upgrade and improve both, you’ll be able to compete and win anywhere. If not, the fall will be further and harder than it ever was before. So what do we do about this? How does America find its way in this new, global economy? What will our place in history be? Like so much of the American story, once again, we face a choice. Once again, there are those who believe that there isn’t much we can do about this as a nation. That the best idea is to give everyone one big refund on their government divvy it up by individual portions, in the form of tax breaks, hand it out, and encourage everyone to use their share to go buy their own health care, their own retirement plan, their own child care, their own education, and so on. In Washington, they call this the Ownership Society. But in our past there has been another term for it Social Darwinism every man or woman for him or herself. It’s a tempting idea, because it doesn’t require much thought or ingenuity. It allows us to say that those whose health care or tuition may rise faster than they can afford tough luck. It allows us to say to the Maytag workers who have lost their job life isn’t fair. It let’s us say to the child who was born into poverty pull yourself up by your bootstraps. And it is especially tempting because each of us believes we will always be the winner in life’s lottery, that we’re the one who will be the next Donald Trump, or at least we won’t be the chump who Donald Trump says: â€Å"You’re fired!† But there is a problem. It won’t work. It ignores our history. It ignores the fact that it’s been government research and investment that made the railways possible and the internet possible. It’s been the creation of a massive middle class, through decent wages and benefits and public schools that allowed us all to prosper. Our economic dependence depended on individual initiative. It depended on a belief in the free market; but it has also depended on our sense of mutual regard for each other, the idea that everybody has a stake in the country, that we’re all in it together and everybody’s got a shot at opportunity. That’s what’s produced our unrivaled political stability. And so if we do nothing in the face of globalization, more people will continue to lose their health care. Fewer kids will be able to afford the diploma you’re about to receive. More companies like United Airlines won’t be able to provide pensions for their employees. And those Maytag workers will be joined in the unemployment line by any worker whose skills can be bought and sold on the global market. So today I’m here to tell you what most of you already know. This is not us the option that I just mentioned. Doing nothing. It’s not how our story ends not in this country. America is a land of big dreamers and big hopes. It is this hope that has sustained us through revolution and civil war, depression and world war, a struggle for civil and social rights and the brink of nuclear crisis. And it is because our dreamers dreamed that we have emerged from each challenge more united, more prosperous, and more admired than before. So let’s dream. Instead of doing nothing or simply defending 20th century solutions, let’s imagine together what we could do to give every American a fighting chance in the 21st century. What if we prepared every child in America with the education and skills they need to compete in the new economy? If we made sure that college was affordable for everyone who wanted to go? If we walked up to those Maytag workers and we said â€Å"Your old job is not coming back, but a new job will be there because we’re going to seriously retrain you and there’s life-long education that’s waiting for you the sorts of opportunities that Knox has created with the Strong Futures scholarship program. What if no matter where you worked or how many times you switched jobs, you had health care and a pension that stayed with you always, so you all had the flexibility to move to a better job or start a new business? What if instead of cutting budgets for research and development and science, we fueled the genius and the innovation that will lead to the new jobs and new industries of the future? Right now, all across America, there are amazing discoveries being made. If we supported these discoveries on a national level, if we committed ourselves to investing in these possibilities, just imagine what it could do for a town like Galesburg. Ten or twenty years down the road, that old Maytag plant could re-open its doors as an Ethanol refinery that turned corn into fuel. Down the street, a biotechnology research lab could open up on the cusp of discovering a cure for cancer. And across the way, a new auto company could be busy churning out electric cars. The new jobs created would be filled by American workers trained with new skills and a world-class education. All of that is possible but none of it will come easy. Every one of us is going to have to work more, read more, train more, think more. We will have to slough off some bad habits like driving gas guzzlers that weaken our economy and feed our enemies abroad. Our children will have to turn off the TV set once in a while and put away the video games and start hitting the books. We’ll have to reform institutions, like our public schools, that were designed for an earlier time. Republicans will have to recognize our collective responsibilities, even as Democrats recognize that we have to do more than just defend old programs. It won’t be easy, but it can be done. It can be our future. We have the talent and the resources and brainpower. But now we need the political will. We need a national commitment. And we need each of you. Now, no one can force you to meet these challenges. If you want, it will be pretty easy for you to leave here today and not give another thought to towns like Galesburg and the challenges they face. There is no community service requirement in the real world; no one is forcing you to care. You can take your diploma, walk off this stage, and go chasing after the big house, and the nice suits, and all the other things that our money culture says that you should want, that you should aspire to, that you can buy. But I hope you don’t walk away from the challenge. Focusing your life solely on making a buck shows a certain poverty of ambition. It asks too little of yourself. You need to take up the challenges that we face as a nation and make them your own. Not because you have a debt to those who helped you get here, although you do have that debt. Not because you have an obligation to those who are less fortunate than you, although I do think you do have that obligation. It’s primarily because you have an obligation to yourself. Because individual salvation has always depended on collective salvation. Because it’s only when you hitch your wagon to something larger than yourself that you realize your true potential. And I know that all of you are wondering how you’ll do this, the challenges seem so big. They seem so difficult for one person to make a difference. But we know it can be done. Because where you’re sitting, in this very place, in this town, it’s happened before. Nearly two centuries ago, before civil rights, before voting rights, before Abraham Lincoln, before the Civil War, before all of that, America was stained by the sin of slavery. In the sweltering heat of southern plantations, men and women who looked like me could not escape the life of pain and servitude in which they were sold. And yet, year after year, as this moral cancer ate away at the American ideals of liberty and equality, the nation was silent. But its people didn’t stay silent for long. One by one, abolitionists emerged to tell their fellow Americans that this would not be our place in history that this was not the America that had captured the imagination of the world. This resistance that they met was fierce, and some paid with their lives. But they would not be deterred, and they soon spread out across the country to fight for their cause. One man from New York went west, all the way to the prairies of Illinois to start a colony. And here in Galesburg, freedom found a home. Here in Galesburg, the main depot for the Underground Railroad in Illinois, escaped slaves could roam freely on the streets and take shelter in people’s homes. And when their masters or the police would come for them, the people of this town would help them escape north, some literally carrying them in their arms to freedom. Think about the risks that involved. If they were caught abetting a fugitive, you could’ve been jailed or lynched. It would have been simple for these townspeople to turn the other way; to go live their lives in a private peace. And yet, they didn’t do that. Why? Because they knew that we were all Americans; that we were all brothers and sisters; the same reason that a century later, young men and women your age would take Freedom Rides down south, to work for the Civil Rights movement. The same reason that black women would walk instead of ride a bus after a long day of doing somebody else’s laundry and cleaning somebody else’s kitchen. Because they were marching for freedom. Today, on this day of possibility, we stand in the shadow of a lanky, raw-boned man with little formal education who once took the stage at Old Main and told the nation that if anyone did not believe the American principles of freedom and equality, that those principles were timeless and all-inclusive, they should go rip that page out of the Declaration of Independence. My hope for all of you is that as you leave here today, you decide to keep these principles alive in your own life and in the life of this country. You will be tested. You won’t always succeed. But know that you have it within your power to try. That generations who have come before you faced these same fears and uncertainties in their own time. And that through our collective labor, and through God’s providence, and our willingness to shoulder each other’s burdens, America will continue on its precious journey towards that distant horizon, and a better day. Thank you so much class of 2005, and congratulations on your graduation. Thank you. Good morning President Taylor, Board of Trustees, faculty, parents, family, friends, the community of Galesburg, the class of 1955 which I understand was out partying last night, and yet still showed up here on time and most of all, the Class of 2005. Congratulations on your graduation, and thank you thank you for the honor of allowing me to be a part of it. Thank you also, Mr. President, for this honorary degree. It was only a couple of years ago that I stopped paying my student loans in law school. Had I known it was this easy, I would have ran [sic] for the United States Senate earlier.

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Methods of evaluations for Premarital programs of Thalassemia and SCD - Essay Example Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease are the most prevalent hemoglobinopathies. Both these conditions are inherited as autosomal recessive disorders. They share common features like premature destruction of red blood cells and elevated erythropoietin levels in the marrow and other sites to compensate for the loss of red cells and accumulation of the products of hemoglobin catabolism due to increased rate of red cell destruction (Aster, 2007). Thalassemias are a group of heterogeneous inherited disorders caused by genetic defects as a consequence of which decreased synthesis of either the alpha or beta chain of HbA occurs (Aster, 2007, pg.632). When deficient synthesis of beta chain occurs, it is known as beta-thalassemia and when alpha synthesis is affected, it is known as alpha-thalassemia. Sickle cell anemia is a type of disease characterized by production of defective hemoglobins because of which sickling of red cells occurs in certain conditions like deoxygenation (Aster, 2007, pg.628). The WHO has estimated that about 7% of the world population are carriers of inherited hemoglobin disorders and that there are about 3 to 4 hundred thousand babies being born each year with severe forms of these diseases (Weatherall, 2001). About 3% of the world population is carriers of a beta thalassemia mutation (Ghotbi & Tsukatani, 2002). Though globally, carriers of thalassemia are more than the carriers of sickle cell anemia, the number of affected births of sickle cell anemia is more than thalassemia due to higher frequency of sickle cell genes in certain areas (WHO Secretariat Report, 2006). These conditions are prevalent all over the world with the highest incidences noticed in tropical regions (Refer to tables-1 and 2). The gene for sickle cell anemia is distributed widely in the regions of sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and the Indian sub-continent. In these regions, it has been estimated that the carrier frequencies range from 5% to

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History - Research Paper Example Each of the super power aimed at gaining maximum output and dividends from the war. United States of America for the first time aimed at keeping its influence alive in European continent unlike First World War where the Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points were written off by Congress and as a result United States of America had to persist with its policy of Isolation. The Soviet Republic on other side aimed at gaining maximum influence and claimed spoils on account of the damages incurred. Soviet Socialist State alone had suffered the maximum number of casualties both in terms of the civilian losses and the military damages incurred. Secondly on both the occasions( First World War and Second World War), U.S.S.R was being attacked by Germany and other Central powers and U.S.S.R this time aimed at ensuring that her borders are protected well enough and for that reason it wanted an influence in the regional countries. Major elements that decided and dictated the terms and conditions of Cold war were the war repatriations, economic gains, territorial benefits, and enacting political systems that would be friendly towards the respective foreign policies. Yalta Conference: The event of Yalta conference has been termed as the formal initiation of the Cold war between the two super powers. The conference and proceedings of the meeting were marked by distrust for one another and lack of common agenda amongst the two. United States wanted to maintain its influence and U.S.S.R demanded more influence in the region on account of its contributions, domination and sacrifices. The main leads of Yalta were F.D Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin and Winston Churchill. The two being super power demanded more influence and say while Great Britain on account of its historic influence and being the front runner amongst the Allies in both the World Wars made up for an integral part of the entire proceedings. These three were dubbed as the Big Three from those times who majorly decided the rulings of the post war settlements. Element of Poland: Poland served as country with high interest for both the super powers. In past it had been used as a corridor and in both the world wars Russia was attacked by Germany from the route de Poland. Stalin would not settle for anything other than establishing a pro Soviet Government in Poland. U.S.A had other intentions. The decision was to be made between the Lublin Poles and the London Poles. America wanted a democratically elected government in place, and Stalin promised free and fair elections at first, however the terms were tempered and Stalin and his intelligence agencies played an influential role towards ensuring a pro Soviet government enactment in Poland, and as a result of this Lublin Poles were brought into power much to the pleasure of Soviet Republic. The course of Cold War: Formally initiated by the Yalta Conference and alleged tempering of the terms of the agreements by Stalin the proceedings to place in form of di vision of Europe into two distinct Blocs. The Eastern Europe and Western Europe. Both falling to Soviet Republic and United States of America respectively. The Eastern Europe comprised of East Germany, Poland, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungry and various other states respectively. The Western Europe constituted West Germany, Turkey, and Greece individually. Each of

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Ethical Issues and Application of Ethics Theories - Case Study Example Similarly, Carly also wants to show the work of young artists in his museum as it was a success in a museum in London. This will affect both Z museum and Carly as a successful show will increase the rating of the museum and will help them become a popular place. Similarly, Carly will also benefit by controlling a successful museum as his standing and worth will increase. The other stakeholder in the case is Jeremy Q. Jeremy Q is going donate a good sum of money to museum in an attempt to increase recognition in the corporate sector, which will give him chance to attract a corporate sponsorship for his collections. So, he may also be affected greatly by the success of the show. M's will also not remain unaffected by the show. They have been forced to become a stakeholder by the persuasion of Jeremy and Carly. Both have offered them to use their services in future if they sponsor the show. This means future financial gains for M's if show becomes a success. Similarly, young painters wi ll get exposure and there may be a change that the success of their painting in the show may lead them to fame. These were some of the stakeholders and how ethical or operational issues impact these stakeholders. According to Manuel Velasquez, Teleology theory states that what make an action good or wrong are the consequences of that action. For example, a "right action" always leads to right consequences and vice versa. In our case, all the stakeholders were working for their own benefits. For example, Jeremy wanted publicity and corporate sponsorship for his collections. Similarly M's wanted more business opportunities in the future and Carly wanted to enhance his reputation. In surge of their own benefits, all the stakeholders were working for the success of Z museum. However, according to Teleology theory, this self-interest is justified as long as the final target is achieved, that is the success of Z museum. However, if the Museum fails to put on a great show, the actions of these stakeholders would be classified as unethical or wrong actions, as suggested by this theory. Similarly, Manuel Velasquez defines Deontology theory as "it is not the consequences but the motivation behind thes e actions that determine the actions right or wrong". In our case everyone was lacking the real spirit and working for their self-interest or personal success (2009). Hence, their actions, according to deontology theory were wrong as they were not working for the success of the Museum, which was the main target, but instead everyone was seeking growth in his own personal stature. However, one cannot classify this behavior as truly negative behavior. According to Shaw, egoism theory sets the personal achievement and pleasure as the main goal for one's actions. The behavior of the stakeholders can be justified if their actions are viewed in the light of this theory. The director was working for his growth in reputation, Jeremy for his publicity, M's for future business. All of them were indirectly putting their efforts for the success of the show at the Museum. Their actions are justified by the egoism and Teleogical theories but, their actions cannot be considered as totally ethical under deontology (2005). In order to analyze the costs and benefits of these actions to Z

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Three policies that led to the outbreak of War in Europe in 1914. What nation is primary responisble - Essay Example For instance, Germany established aggressive foreign policies that created unhealthy relationship with other nations. The policies deteriorated the existing peaceful trading partnerships and eventually led to the poor performance of the international market. The three policies that fuelled the war were; the Germany’s expansionist policy, the emergence of two opposing sides (the triple alliance and the triple alliance) and the isolation policy. Germany had a great urge to dominate the world economy. The only means to achieve this was by acquiring more territories and colonies. By this time, the world was portioned among the major powers such as the Britain. In this regard, Germany had to use military conquest to acquire territories that were already possessed by other European nations. The use of force to acquire new territories strained the already poor relation between Germany and some European powers such as Britain. These nations responded furiously to defend their interest and to maintain their political and economic power. This eventually led to the sprouting of a massive war that spread to almost all parts of the world. Some countries in Europe started forming defense alliances and promised to protect each other in case any of them was attacked by their rivals. For instance, Germany and Austria-Hungary joined and formed the dual alliance. Italy joined the alliance, and the three formed the triple alliance. On the other hand, Britain, France and Russian joined to form the triple entente. These two coalitions heightened the tension among the rival European nations leading to the sparking of the World War 1. The isolation policy adopted USA also contributed to the sprouting of the war. The US kept off from engaging in European affairs and thereby cold not assist in reconciling the European nations. However, it offered financial support to warring nations. The responsibility of the war can be blamed on Germany’s ultimate support for

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Should the U.S. emphasize multilateral over unilateral initiatives in foreign policyC.Q. Researcher, Feb. 2, 2007, vol. 5, issu - Research Paper Example 4. Many important international institutions require multilateral cooperation. 5. Multilateral initiatives allows for more alliances. CONS: No, the U.S. should NOT emphasize multilateral over unilateral initiatives in foreign policy. 1. The U.S. may have a disadvantage in multilateral negotiations because some countries outstrip the American influence in many consensus-oriented fora such as the ASEAN, Asean Regional Forum and APEC. 2. Some of the benefits of multilateralism can be achieved in through other strategies such as bilateral agreements, which sometimes could be more forceful and effective. 3. It is less decisive in addressing immediate threats or issues that need immediate attention. The dominant opinion domestically and internationally is that the United States is better off pursuing a multilateral approach to its foreign policy instead of unilateralism. This is exactly what is being pursued by the current Obama administration. For example, in the current civil war happeni ng in Libya, the US is working with the North Atlantic Territory Organization (NATO) and the Arab League in order to best solve the crisis. When several airstrikes were finally launched against Moammar Gaddhafi’s military installations, they were done within the auspices of NATO and were explicitly projected as international efforts with the French or the British, possibly taking the lead. American policymakers are careful to avoid the failures of the previous administrations in its foreign policies, particularly that which concerned the unilateral invasion of Iraq, including the policies that came to constitute the American War on Terror. The confidence-building capability of multilateral initiatives has been demonstrated by Japan – a state now held in high esteem by most of Asia – after its much derided status during the Second World War. Through its strategy, it was able to achieve a kind of diplomatic influence that sometimes surpasses that of the US. For ex ample, through the years, Japan has cultivated strong economic relationships with member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN). Multilateralism’s benefit for Japan is quite clear. Today, the country has two major East Asian multilateral foreign and security policy options: the first is the ASEAN/ARF structure, which are now consisted of most of the states in Southeast Asia, South Asia and East Asia.1 Then, there was also the case of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which the first Bush administration encouraged and ratified under President Clinton’s watch. This initiative to engage Latin America, wrote Horwitz, helped redirect the foreign policies of thirty-four Western Hemisphere states in favor of closer political and economic ties.2 This engagement also facilitated the pursuit of common goals that led to the solution of common problems such as illegal drugs and immigration. Engaging other states and international institutions makes an initiative legitimate or, at least, provide a semblance of it that might otherwise be perceived as narrow political/military/economic interests of the US. According to Parmar, the popular critique against the recent Bush administration was that it had alienated the world by â€Å"by-passing international institutions, flouting international law and norms, and disregarding the interests and opinion of states.3 Anjali

Starbucks Introduction of Kind Bars Essay Example for Free

Starbucks Introduction of Kind Bars Essay â€Å"A Small Player Breaks Into Starbucks,† Starbucks has recently started a campaign to provide more healthy products to its consumers. This is considered quite the change since coffee, Starbucks primary product, is not necessarily thought of as healthy. To help start of this campaign it has agreed to start selling KIND bars, which are â€Å"combinations of dried fruits and nuts bound together by honey (NY Times). KIND bars seem to fit in great with the direction Starbucks is going, but they did not always. It took Daniel Lubetzky, owner of KIND, over five years of promoting his product to Starbucks to even get his foot in the door. 2. ) SWOT Analysis-Starbucks Strengths Coffee industry market leader * Customer satisfaction and strong brand loyalty * Free Wi-Fi available for customers * Innovative operations and a strong financial position * Strong product diversification Weaknesses * Although a diversified company, still strong reliance on coffee products for profit * High operating costs Downsizing * High prices on products * Competition is rising in their growing market Opportunities * Coffee Beans to be sold in stores * Brand Extension * Expansion to South Asian Markets * Provide more cost-and health-conscious products Threats * Competition * Rising number of health-conscious customers * Corporate giant image * Resistance in foreign countries due to political and cultural issues * Variation in coffee price in developing countries 3. ) Identification, Evaluation and Analysis of Alternatives KIND bars are not the only thing Starbucks is going to be offering in its new campaign. They plan to revamp the menu, introducing a variety of lighter and healthier foods such as salads, smoothies and fruit muffins. So why did Starbucks choose to introduce the KIND bar when it could of chosen Clif bars or SOYJOY bars, both more established than KIND. Clif is currently the market leader in nutrition bars and SOYJOY is widely international with distribution from Singapore to Belgium. It could be due to Mr. Lubetzky’s determination, or maybe because of KIND’s marketing mix. 4. )Recommendations and Conclusions KIND would be very appealing to Starbucks consumers for numerous reasons and this makes it obvious to Starbucks that it will be a good investment. KIND donates five percent of its profit to the PeaceWorks Foundation, â€Å"which strives to bring peace to Middle Eastern countries by building commercial food ventures (NY Times). † This makes the consumer feel good about their purchase because they feel as if they are contributing to a good cause. Also, Yale did a pilot study indicating that two KIND bars a day can help consumers lose weight. This is attractive to buyers due to the fact that around two-thirds of Americans are overweight or obese. KIND also promotes there products to be, â€Å"a brand of delicious, natural, healthful foods made from wholesome ingredients you can see amp; pronounce ®(KINDsnacks). † In a world where it seems that everything you consume has preservatives and who knows what else in them, KIND stands out in the crowd. Finally, with the price of $1. 5 at Starbucks, the deal cannot be beat, especially compared to relative prices of coffee at Starbucks. With all these advantages there is no question that Starbucks made the right decision in choosing KIND. This collaboration with to help offset Starbucks threats such as the rising number of health-conscious consumers, which is the basis of its campaign. An additional threat that may be counterbalanced is its image as a corporate giant because of their acceptance of a small business. Source Links: http://www. nytimes. om/2009/07/01/business/smallbusiness/01snackbar. html? ref=marketing http://www. kindsnacks. com/kind-store/buy-kind-bars Periodical Exercise 1. ) Problem/Decision Statement According to an article in BusinessWeek in 2012, titled, â€Å"Taco Bell introduces Doritos taco shell†, on March 8th Taco Bell introduced Doritos Locos to over 5,600 stores nationwide. Doritos Locos are like regular crunchy tacos but, it has a shell made with nacho cheese Doritos. This is considered one of the biggest product launches in the history of the company. Taco Bell has already confirmed their budget of $75 million to promote their new launch (BusinessWeek). This is over three times more of a budget than for previous new products. Doritos Locos is just the latest of many things Taco Bell has been trying to do to improve their menu. But the question is whether or not this is the right time to be taking on such a big market introduction, with the recent bad publicity caused by lawsuits attacking the quality of their beef. 2. ) SWOT Analysis- Taco Bell Strengths * Huge popular brand name and high brand loyalty Adopted a healthy trans-fat free formula which is a key competitive advantage over other competitors who has not yet switched to the healthier recipes. * Has the acknowledgment as the best Mexican style fast food restaurant in the U. S. * Owns over 5600 restaurants across the nation and 250 outlets internationally * Strong parent company, Yum! Brands, owns Pizza Hut and KFC as well * Open very late Weaknesses * High fat and high calorie food not good for health conscious people * Lost goodwill when customers were hospitalized due to traces of E. oli bacteria * Bad publicity due to lawsuits against quality of beef * Also lost goodwill for human rights protest in ’05 and rodent problem in ‘07 Opportunities * New flavors and recipes should be introduced especially focused on more health conscious ingredients in their menus * Introduce home delivery * Venture into new markets such as India, like Pizza Hut and KFC, that has a growing consumption of fast food Threats * Research and the raised awareness among consumers about the harmful health impacts of fast food consumption. The trans-fats, sugars, oils and salts which are ingredients of the fast foods being offered, are thus consumed in low proportions by the aware and educated consumers * Highly labor intensive which increases the subjectivity involved in the delivery of services * Threats from competitors of Taco Bell such as McDonalds and Subway 3. ) Identification, Evaluation and Analysis of Alternatives Since the Frito Lay Corporation is obviously the market leader in any type of corn chip, tortilla chip or any chip for that matter, there are not really any big alternatives that would be better than Doritos. Even if Taco bell would have gone with Tostitos or Santitas, other tortilla chip brands, instead, it wouldn’t have made much of a difference because they are still owned by Frito Lay. An alternative that Taco Bell should have considered is the Baked Doritos in place of regular fried Doritos. For the reason that many empty calories and trans fat comes from â€Å"hidden† oil and Baked Doritos might help with Taco Bell trying to gain an edge on the competition through the health conscious route. 4. ) Recommendations and Conclusions Doritos Locos would be very appealing to Taco Bells consumers for numerous reasons and this makes it obvious to Taco Bell that it will be a good investment. Honestly I believe that Taco Bell’s decision to launch Doritos Locos is an incredible idea for many reasons but at the same time it does have some drawbacks. Doritos are one of America’s top favorite snacks and to combine that with Americas top Mexican style fast food restaurant just seems like the great idea never before had. Doritos come in many flavors and so should Doritos Locos, such as Cool Ranch, Smoky Chipotle BBQ and Fiery Habanero (Frito-Lay). This new rollout may also shift consumers focus from the negativity of the recent lawsuits and bad publicity to the positivity of this inevitably delicious and profitable collaboration. Then again, because of the large percentage of overweight and obese Americans and a strong desire to switch to health smart ingredients, Doritos Locos may just be perceived as another fattening product line put out by the gluttonous fast food industry.

Selective vs. Differential Media Essay Example for Free

Selective vs. Differential Media Essay Answer the following questions as you work your way through the lab material typing in your answers. Then submit your finished lab report as a Microsoft Word document. This lab report is worth 100 points towards your final lab grade. Each Q is worth 2 points unless otherwise noted. Also, per the Honor Code, this work must be your own. This is due Mon. 10/8 at 11:59 PM. The theme of this lab is the identification of unknown bacteria and viruses in a lab. Selective vs. Differential Media Selective vs. Differential Media Use the following website to help you answer Q 1 and 2 http://www.highlands.edu/academics/divisions/scipe/biology/labs/rome/selectivedifferential.htm 1. What is a selective medium? What makes the medium selective? Name 2 examples (3 pts.) A selective medium is a medium that contains antimicrobials, dyes or alcohol that supports the growth of certain organisms, while inhibiting the growth of others. Two examples of selective medium are Mannitol Salt agar and Phenylethyl Alcohol. 2. What is a differential medium? What makes the medium differential? Name 2 examples (3 pts.) Differential medium is distinguishing microorganisms from one another based on growth characteristics. A medium is differential when you are able to visibly see the differences in growth patterns of organisms. Differential media include blood agar and Eosin Methylene Blue. Steps Used in Identifying an Unknown Bacterium in a Laboratory I. In a lab situation you would take you inoculum and perform a streak plate in order to separate out individual cells enough to obtain a pure culture (see Atlas p. 5) 3. What is the most common streaking method? (2 pts.) The most common streaking method is the Streak plate method, while the most common streaking technique is the quadrant method. The quadrant method incubates an agar using a four-streak pattern. 4. What is the principle behind the Streak Plate Method of Isolation? (2 pts.) The Streak Plate Method of Isolation is used to obtain a pure culture in order to isolate a certain organism. This method allows for the organism to produce individual colonies on an agar plate. II. After incubating your streak plate you would perform a Gram Stain as you learned in Lab #1 – The Virtual Gram Stain. Im directing you to the Virtual Gram Stain website from the Univ. of Michigan. Click on View Example. You will need to move your cursor over the test tubes to see what each contains. Then click on the test tubes in the correct order to run the program this is really cool! http://vudat.msu.edu/gram_stain/ 5. What were the results of your Virtual Gram Stain, i.e. describe what you see on the slide as to color, Gram Stain result and morphology? (4 pts.) The gram stain was negative. The shape was bacilli and had purple spores present. III. Using the dichotomous keys provided as MSWord Documents in this lab, you would carry out specific tests utilizing selective and differential media in order to identity your bacterium. In a microbiology lab you would use â€Å"Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology†. This book includes all tests and their results to aid in the identification of unknown bacteria. Use the following websites to answer these questions: http://www.saskschools.ca/curr_content/biology20/unit3/unit3_mod1_les2.htm http://www.uiweb.uidaho.edu/micro_biology/250/IDFlowcharts.pdf 6. What is a dichotomous key? (4 pts.) A dichotomous key is a key used to help identify bacteria using process of elimination testing in order to identify each bacteria characteristic. 7. Based on the Information Flow Charts from Bergeys Manual of Determinative Bacteriology Page 2, answer these questions: (4 pts) a. What is the FIRST test that is performed in a lab to differentiate between groups of bacteria? The first test preformed to differentiate between bacteria is Gram stain testing. b. If you looked at your slide with the 100X oil immersion objective, what is the next thing that you would observe based on the information in the flow chart? The next step in identification is morphology. 8. The remaining flow chart pages will show you how dichotomous keys are used in bacterial identification. Scroll down to page 7 and look at the Family Enterobacteriaceae which is comprised of Gram negative rods. (4 pts.) a. What is the first test that may be performed to start differentiating among the individual species? The first test that may be performed to start differentiating among the individual species is Lactose Fermentation. b. Use of a dichotomous key allows you to perform the next test needed to identify your mystery microbe based on the results of the test you just performed, i.e. were the results positive + or negative -. Using the flowchart, what would be the microbe which has these test results: Lactose positive (+), Indole positive (+) and Citrate negative (-)? The microbe would be Escherichia Coli. ATLAS SECTION 2: SELECTIVE MEDIA. I would like for you to read over the different types of selective media and then answer the following questions. Remember that selective media promote the growth of some bacteria while actively discouraging the growth of others. 9. For what is Chocolate II agar used? ( 2 pts.) Chocolate II agar is used for isolation and cultivation of Neisseria and Haemophilus. 10. Based on the information in the Principle section, Phenylethyl Alcohol Agar will select for the growth of which bacteria? What does the alcohol actually do? (2 pts.) Phenylethyl Alcohol Agar selects for the growth of Gram-positive organisms. The Alcohol in the agar interferes with the DNA synthesis of Gram-negative organisms which inhibits growth. ATLAS SECTION 7: DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA Please read over this section. Differential media usually distinguish or differentiate different species of bacteria based on the color of the individual colonies or the areas surrounding them. Look up these tests and answer the following questions: Blood Agar, Catalase, Citrate, Coagulase, Indole, Methyl Red, Motility, TSI, Urea, 11. What is a hemolysis and what type of bacteria produce it? (2 pts.) Hemolysis is the exotoxin of gram positive cocci (streptococcus, enterocus, and aerocccus) that destroy RBCs and hemoglobin. 12. What are the 3 major types of hemolysis and their descriptions? (2 pts.) The three types of hemolysis are B, A, Y. B is complete clearing or destruction of the RBCs or hemoglobin and it results in a clearing of the medium around the colonies. A is partial destruction and a green color forms around the colonies. Y is non-Hemolysis and shows simple growth and no change to the medium. 13. When would you use the Catalase test? (2 pts.) This test should be used when trying to identify organisms that produce catalase. It is used when differentiating between Catalase positive micrococcaceae and catalase negative streptococcaceae and some variations of the catalase test are for mycobacterium. 14. The Citrate Tests is part of what test series? What is the color of a positive Citrate Test? (2 pts.) The citrate tests are part of the IMVIC (Indole, Methyl Red, Voges-Prokauer and Citrates tests) and are used to distinguish between enterobacteriaceae and other gram negative rods. A positive Citrate test will turn blue. 15. What is the purpose of the Coagulase Test? Why is it to S. aureus’ advantage to produce this enzyme? (2 pts.) The coagulase test is used to differentiate between staphylococcus aureus and other gram positive cocci. Coagulase forms a shield with fibrin barriers to resist phagocytoses and other cellular attacks. 16. The Indole test will help differentiate what group of bacteria? Using the Methyl Red test, what color indicates a positive result? (2 pts.) The Indole test help differentiate enterobacteriaceae and a positive Methyl Red test result is red. 17. What is the principal behind the TSI agar test? The shallow slant and deep butt allow for what? (2 pts.) Triple Sugar Iron Agar test or TSI is loaded with nutrients to help distinguish between enterobacteriaceae and other gram negative rods on the basis of glucose fermentation, lactose fermentation, sucrose fermentation and sulfur reduction. A slanted test tube with a deep butt is used. The agar contains beef and yeast extracts as well as peptone for carbon and nitrogen sources. Also, Sodium thiosulfate for reducible sulfur. Phenol red as a Ph indicator and iron in ferrous sulfate as a hydrogen sulfate indicator. The basis is as something is digested the changes in ph and hydrogen sulfate will cause the color to change. 18. What pathogens can be identified using the Urease test? What color is a positive result? (2 pts.) Identified pathogens come from the genus Proteus. These hydrolyze urea with and enzyme called urease. A positive result will be pink. Watch this program that will walk you through the process of identifying a foodborne pathogen that has made people sick. Follow the instructions, clicking where indicated to start the activity. Once the file opens, click first on Gram Stain and you will see how it works. Then answer the following questions. http://www.swtafe.vic.edu.au/toolbox/lab_ops/laboratory/studynotes/snFlowChartIdentProcBac.htm 19. What Gram positive cocci were discovered using the Gram Stain? (2 pts.) The Gram positive cocci discovered using the Gram Stain are staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Streptococcus. 20. The positive results of the Catalase Test indicated the possible presence of which Gram + bacteria? (2 pts.) The Catalast test indicated the possible presence of micrococcus and Staphylococcus bacteria. 21. The Oxidation/Fermentation test was positive for which Gram + bacteria? (2 pts.) The Oxidation/Fermentaion test was positive for staphylococcus bacteria. 22. The Coagulase test specifically identified which species of Staphylococcus? (2 pts.) The Coagulase test specifically identified the species aureus. Now using the Dichotomous Keys provided in the Blackboard section for Lab #3, identify these bacteria based on their test results. Then provide a brief description of each from the Atlas Section 12. (4 pts. each) 23. Test Results: Gram + coccus, Catalase negative, Alpha Hemolysis Bacteria are S. pneumoniae. S. pneumoniae ia an ac-hemolytic, nonmotile, encapsulated, facultatively anaerobic, Gram-positive coccus. It is a significant cause of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and menigitis in adults. There are at least 80 different serotypes and are defined by antigenically by their capsules. Typically starts in the nasopharynx and from there spread to the lungs and develops into pneumonia or is harbored asymptomatic for months. 24. Test Results: Gram + coccus, Catalase positive, Coagulase negative, Beta Hemolysis Bacteria are S. epidermis. S. epidermis are non-motile, facultatively anaerobic, non-hemolytic, gram-positive coccus. Normal inhabitant of human skin that has become a significant nosocomial pathogen, Most strains produce a slime layer that may enable them to attach to certain hospital apparatus used in surgical procedures, thereby gaining entrance into the body. Most infections at the site of prosthetic implantation are from S. epidermis, can be severe or fatal. 25. Test Results: Gram – rod, Lactose negative, Urease positive Bacteria are P. mirabilis. P. mirabilis are straight, facultatively anaeroic, highly motile (swarming), Gram-negative rod. It is a normal inhabitant of our intestinal tract and is in some other animals as well. It is also common in soil and contaminated water. Is has the â€Å"swarming motility† characteristics ad produces a series of visible concentric rings. Common nosocomial pathogen isolated from septic wounds and Urinary tract infections. You get it from direct contact with the source. It can lead to other complications like kidney stones and Proteus Septicemia. 26. Test Results: Gram – rod, Lactose positive, IMViC ++ (= negative, negative, positive, positive), Urease positive Bacteria are K. pneumoniae. K. pneumoniae are nonmotile, encapsulted, facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative rod. It is found in soil, water, grain, fruits, vegetables and intestinal tracts of a variety of animals including humans. It is in the nasopharynx and oropharynx in humans and is often transmitted as aerosol droplets from person to person. It is a very common nosocominal pathogen. Common infections caused by K. pneumoniae are pneumonia, urinary tract infection, bronchitis, surgical wound infections, biliam tract infections and hospital associated bacteremia. The bacteria are becoming more antibiotic resistant and harder to treat in recent years. ATLAS SECTION 9: MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES Today a pathogenic microbe can be identified very quickly using molecular techniques such as DNA Extraction, Electrophoresis, Polymerase Chain Reaction and DNA Sequencing. Answer the following questions using the information in this section of your Atlas. 27. What are the 3 BASIC steps in DNA extraction? (2 pts.) The 3 basic steps in DNA extraction are- 1. Detergent (Sodium Dodecylsulfate-SDS) is used to lyse cells and release cellular contents. 2. Heating-dentures proteins and other cell components 3. Water-soluble DNA is precipitated in cold alcohol as a whitish, stringy mass. 28. What does electrophoresis do? What is added to the gel to make the results visible? (2 pts.) Electrophoresis is a technique where molecules are separated by size and electrical charge in a gel. Coomassie blue is added for protein staining and ethidium bromide (fluorescent dye) is used for nucleic acids. 29. What enzyme is used in PCR and why? (2 pts.) The enzyme used in PCR is DNA Polymerase. It is used because it is able to attach the free nucleotides to complementary bases on the template and create a good copy. THE VIRTUAL BACTERIA ID LAB from the HOWARD HUGHES MEDICAL INSTITUTE http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/vlabs/index.html Open this website and click on â€Å"The Bacterial Identification Lab†. Following the instructions, work your way through this lab. 30. Following the instructions, identify your bacterium and write the species name here. (To do so, you will need to read the page entitled Nucleotide Sequence (1410 letter) and click on Descriptions. Then click on the top Accession Code. Move down to the 7th line: Organism.) (8 pts.) Our bacterium species name is Bartonella henselae 31. Now, on the CDC website (http://www.cdc.gov/healthypets/diseases/catscratch.htm) , look up the information on this bacterium and write a 2 paragraph (4-5 sentences per paragraph) answer on the disease that it causes. (8 pts.) The disease that our bacterium Bartonella henselae causes is cat scratch disease (CSD). Most people that are affected in CSD have been scratched or bitten by a cat that is carrying it. They develop an infection at the site of injury. The lymph nodes, typically the ones around the neck, head and upper limbs become swollen. Some of the symptoms people with CSD have are fever, headache, fatigue and poor appetite. There are also some rare complications of this bacterium like bacillary angiomatosis and Parinaud’s oculolandular syndrome. Cats and kittens can spread CDS bacterium to people through bites and scratches. About 40% of cats are carrying CDS at some point in their lives. Cats with CDS do not display and signs of the illness and you cannot determine which cats have it and which do not. You can reduce your risk of contracting CDS by avoiding rough play with cats, washing cat bites and scratches immediately with soap and water, not letting the cat lock open wounds and controlling fleas. You want to call the doctor if an infection occurs after a bite or scratch. Generally CSD is not serious. Medical treatment is not usually needed. Sometimes treatment with antibiotics like azithromycin is helpful in clearing the infection. Prognosis is good. On a side note, I actually had this as a child. I got it from a stray kitten scratch. I developed large swollen lymph nodes under my arms, fever and soreness. I am not sure if not as much was known back then but my Dr. did surgery to remove the lymph node from under my left arm and drained the other. It was the only surgery (excluding my c-ections) that I have ever had. I never had any further complications after the surgery and was fine immediately afterwards. ATLAS SECTION 10: VIRUSES Viruses cannot be grown on media as bacteria can because they are obligate intracellular parasites and need host cells for reproduction. Therefore their identification in a lab is much more difficult. Often immunological tests are used and you will learn about these in a future lab. 32. Describe the HIV virus. What specific human cells does it infect? (3 pts) The HIV virus is the cause of AIDS. Two forms of the virus exist, HIV-1 and HIV-2. Both are retroviruses and have the ability to make DNA from and RNA template. HIV infects cells with CD4 membrane receptors, normally used for antigen recognition, but by HIV for attachment. A subpopulation of T cells, the T4 helper cells are most commonly affected and die. Other types of cells infected can be dendritic, macrophages and moncytes, HIV can be transmitted through bodily fluids to include: blood, breast milk, semen and vaginal secretions. 33. What is the principle behind growing viral host cells in a lab? What happens after the virus is introduced to the cell culture and what is the result? (5 pts.) The principle behind growing viral host cells is to attain presumptive identification of a virus, how host cells replicate, how quickly it causes damage, and the type of damage it produces. The virus inflicts damage upon the host cell, which in called the CPE (cytopathic effect). It can take as long as 4 days or up to 4 weeks to start seeing damage. Most often they start as small spots (foci) in the cell layer and spread outwards. Common damage to cells includes rounding (small or large), change in texture, or formation of syncytium (the fusion of infected cells).

Therapeutic Communication And Mental Health Nursing Essay

Therapeutic Communication And Mental Health Nursing Essay Therapeutic communication is a practice in which the nurse deliberately controls a client or assists the client to an improved understanding through verbal or nonverbal interaction. (Mosbys Medical Dictionary, 2009). According to Russell Delucas 2010, therapeutic communication is a type of psychotherapy that uses vocal and nonverbal skills. It is an interpersonal relation between the nurse and the client throughout which nurse centers on the clients specific needs to uphold an effectual swap of information (Videbeck 2010, p.99). Our socio-cultural context discloses some secreted realities that Pakistani culture holds in mental health setup. It is the culture that influence on individuals perception of stigmatization against mentally unstable, which could be reduced by therapeutic practices across cultures from health care providers. (Rethink, 2007). The importance of therapeutic communication in mental health nursing is that it provides the patient in confidence to play an active role inhis/her own care. Besides, it also helps the nurse to better care for the patient. Therapeutic communication is an crucial tool above all other interventions in mental health setting, for optimistic results, for building of nurse client relationship, for ventilation of sentiments, for exploring fundamental approach of patients about themselves and their illnesses (Morrissey Callaghan, 2011). The worth of a therapeutic relationship depends on the capability of health care worker to converse effectively (Banar, 2011). Individuals are born with not only the ability but also the compulsion to self-ventilate (Daniels 2004, p.69). In a relationship between nurse and patient, a nurse ought to establish qualitative therapeutic relationship with their client which will be influenced by worth full communication skills (Desmond Copeland 2000, as cited in Daniels 2004). As we encounter many patients around us in health care setting, who needs to express their feelings and talk but have some distress and needs motivation and encouragement from health care provider. A similar example that came under my clinical observation was that a 21 years old Raeez admitted in Baqai hospital with the diagnose of anti-social personality. Initially, neither patient was showing his interest to talk and interact with others nor was maintaining good eye contact. He also refused to talk with us, but as a result of expressing his feelings through therapeutic communication like giving attention to immediate interaction, motivation and encouragement, client became socially interacted. The two modes of communication are well defined by Daniels, 2004. He states that people communicate not only verbally through words but also nonverbally through actions. In the light of clinical scenario, due to verbal and nonverbal skills patient started expressing his sentiments. Moreover, he says that time and place are significant to the component of therapeutic communication. The amount of time is not only important but how it is spent qualitatively is the priority to be concerned. He also states that touch is the potent mean for communication that ensure patients that there is someone to care for them, give them respect and aids in building therapeutic bond between nurse and patient. In addition, a nurse must understand the ethnic consequence to avert potential complications. .Besides, active listening is the keystone of all communications (Daniel, 2004). It involves patience, interest, concentration and being aware of what the client is not saying or picking up on hints as to the real message (Tamparo Lindh 2007, p.18). In relation with the scenario, the nurse made the patient the center of attention and motivated him while communicating effectively. Furthermore, accepting the client is the most important to therapeutic communication. Every nurse should aware of her own prejudices and approach each client from a perspective of recognition (Daniels 2004, p.77). Additionally, questioning is another vital communication tool that helps in building rapport and trust, showing empathy, comprehends clients experience and elicits essential health data (Daniels 2004, p.75). Besides, directing, focusing, reflecting, clarifying, summarizing, maintaining silence is some of the other therapeutic tactics that must be applied while interviewing (White, 2004). Therapeutic communication is attained when desired results are skillful. Contrary, there are certain factors that hinder the ultimate desire to get, termed as barriers.One of the main barriers is environment (Fielding, 2006). It is also observed in clinical setting that wards are usually overloaded that doesnt make the patient feel comfortable during conversation. Reflecting to the scenario, patient neither showed interest to talk nor maintained eye contact as others were also interviewing at that moment. Unkempt appearance, gestures, long hair that dangles on or over the client while providing care and breathes scent also hinders communication (Timby 2009, p.95). Another negative aspect arises when the clinician loses focus and empathy for a patient (Russell-Delucas, 2010). Sullivan (1954, as cited in Lorebell n.d.) considers anxiety as a chief barrier to effective communication. Response to anxiety can be motivating or distressful. In relation to the scenario, the patient refused t o talk that increased nurses anxiety but her response to anxiety was motivating that helped her in effective communication. Beside, giving false reassurance, passing judgments, using platitudes, defending yourself are some other barriers that impede therapeutic communication (White 2004, p.117-118). Additionally, cultural and age variations, comprehension and proficient differences, tongue barrier and way of thinking are other obstacles (Klimova Semradova, 2012). The impact of therapeutic communication is that it facilitates clients autonomy, emphasizes a holistic view of a person, communicate that nurse is here to listen, help and plan for their betterment (Banar, 2012). In opposing, non-therapeutic communication converses that patients dignity and care is not our priority that make him feel disregarded and not the valuable creature (Morrissey Callaghan, 2011). In the light of Pepleus interpersonal theory (1988, as cited in NURSEINTERRUPTED 2012), communication is central aspect in nurse-client relation. This two way communication explores underlying feelings, needs and emotions that patients possess. Peplau focuses on verbal aspects of communication that aid the client heals and overcome infirmity. In Peplaus theory, four major phases are talked about (Dinga Karvininen 2008). Formerly, the phase of orientation includes giving a helping hand when patient needs support and is uncomfortable due to certain situations. Here, identifying and assessing the problem, recognizing and planning the use of the needed resources sum-up this phase. Next is the identification phase. Here, due to care and support, client images the nurse as a vital portion of his life. This can be beneficial and can hinder the essence of a professional relationship. To come out of it, nurse should encourage independent activities for patients. Moreover continuous validatio n of clients perception of care should be reinforced. Then comes the exploitation phase which is combined with resolution phase where patient is satisfied with the given care and he tries to be more independent for better recovery. Egan (2002,as cited by Jootun McGhee 2011), used the acronym SOLER for non-verbal communication i.e. sit facing the patient directly, maintain an open stance, lean forward to some extent, establish and keep eye contact and adopt a comfortableposition. These are some of the strategies that regulate communication process and helps patient to ventilate their expressions. Arthur (2010) suggests that therapeutic gatherings must be conducted in a peaceful, quiet, regular tenor of voice to deliver that the environment is safe and harmless.Besides, encouraging the client to use any of the modes of communication like jotting down, symbolic sketches may also promote therapeutic communication (Jootun McGhee 2011). Moreover, cognitive therapy encourages client to examine their beliefs and explore alternatives that promote therapeutic communication (Scottsdale, 2011). In conclusion, nurses need to understand that therapeutic communication can make patients well-being and quality of life healthier. It is a health care provider who can use this dynamic and collaborative process to encourage, influence, instruct, provide mutual support and attain crucial information essential for sense of healthiness and comfort for the patient. It can only be achievable if above discussed therapeutic tactics are followed while evading the obstacles. Word count: 1,298