Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Lord Of The Flies - The Evil In Us All Essays -

Ruler of the Flies - The Evil in Us All ? ?The ensemble has a place with you obviously.' ?They could be the military .' ?or then again trackers'? ( Lord of the Flies pg. 21 ). That was Ralph's serious mix-up, giving Jack that power and the option to be trackers. That power prompted the fall of their human progress and the take over of Jack's savage clan. There is insidious inside everybody and everything, it is simply a question of whether you let it take control of you. That is the thing that The Lord of the Flies , a novel by William Golding, attempts to express. Through breaking down the character of Jack you can perceive how the brutality takes him over gradually as he grows intellectually, truly, and genuinely all through the novel.. Jack declined more than grew intellectually all through the book. ? ?I should be boss,' said Jack with straightforward egotism, ?since I'm part chorister and head kid. I could sing a C sharp'? ( pg. 21 ). Jack was an ordinary little youngster, perhaps a bossy one, however still a kid. ? ?They abhor you Ralph. They will do you. They're going to chase you tomorrow-Jack, the central says it will be risky, and to toss our lances like at a pig'? ( pg. 172 ). Jack was a kid who turned into a savage monster. The more force Jack increased over different young men the less he thought about development, and the more he declined intellectually. What power could make somebody chase an individual man like he was a creature? Just as changing intellectually Jack additionally changed genuinely. ?The animal was a gathering of young men, wearing abnormally erratic attire. Shorts, shirts, and various articles of clothing they conveyed in their grasp; yet every kid wore a square dark top with a silver identification on it. Their bodies, from throat to lower leg, were covered up by dark shrouds which bore a long silver cross on the left bosom and each neck was done off with a hambone ornament? ( pg. 18 ). That was Jacks appearance when he originally showed up on the island. In addition to the fact that he was dressed, be that as it may, extravagantly. ? ?They'll be painted! You know how it is.' They seen just as well well the freedom into brutality that the disguising paint brought.? ( pg. 157 ). Jack had changed into a painted bare savage. In one purpose of the book Ralph remarks about how he can not recollect what Jack resembles. How can one go from a modern English kid to being a messy painted brute? Jacks interests changed radically. He began by needing power, to be boss. At that point his enthusiasm moved to slaughtering a pig. When he had slaughtered a pig the entirety of his consideration gone to slaughtering. He went from needing to execute pigs to expecting to murder them. ?Jack was on top of the sow, cutting descending with his blade.- Then Jack found the throat and the hot blood rambled over his hands. The sow fallen under them and they were substantial and satisfied upon her.? ( pg. 123 ). That is only one case of how Jack's interests overwhelmed him. In the end Jack's enthusiasm went from murdering pigs to executing individuals. He starts the slaughtering of Simon, is associated with the demise of Piggy, and plans the passing of Ralph. What might drive a little fellow to submit such acts? When Golding composed the character of Jack he was speaking to humanity as a entirety. The manner in which Jack declined as an individual is demonstrating how individuals change when they are in a circumstance like that. Some may state that Jack was just human, and he may be. Be that as it may being human accompanies a ton of stuff, and you must have the option to control your feelings. That is the thing that drove Jack to do those horrendous things. He was unable to control the abhorrence, the malevolent that is in every one of us.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Epic Heroes Essays - Ancient Greek Religion, Epic Cycle,

Epic Heroes Moreover, we have not even to chance the experience alone, for the legends ever have gone before us. The maze is completely known. We have just to follow the string of the saint way, and where we had thought to discover a cursed thing, we will discover a divine being. Furthermore, where we had thought to kill another, we will kill ourselves. Where we had thought to travel outward we will go to the focal point of our own reality. Also, where we had thought to be distant from everyone else, we will be with all the world. Joseph Campbell, The Power of Myth Saints have been well known all through the presence of people since that is what merits expounding on (Campbell 123). Legend fantasies help us to develop into better people by gaining from the preliminaries and triumphs of the saint. In old style Greek writing, the epic saint can be characterized as far as the differentiating characters of Achilles and Odysseus, the two most significant figures in Homer's extraordinary epic sonnets The Iliad and The Odyssey. The two legends speak to the two unique sorts of saints that we have, a saint with an otherworldly deed and a saint with a physical deed: There are two kinds of deed. One is the physical deed wherein the legend plays out a valiant demonstration in fight. The other is a sort of otherworldly deed, wherein the legend figures out how to encounter the supernormal scope of human profound life and afterward returns with a message. (Campbell 123) Achilles, the best warrior of the Greeks in the Trojan War, is really a demi-god as opposed to a human saint, having been dunked in enchanted waters by his mom and given the endowment of insusceptibility. He speaks to the physical deed. Odysseus, then again, is a completely human character, and his valor comprises more in his keenness, intensity and sly than his military capacity. He speaks to the profound deed. The difference between these two models of the epic saint couldn't be more grounded, for in spite of the fact that Achilles is divine and practically eternal in his battling ability, he stays silly and touchy as a part of his character, even at the time of his most prominent triumph he does not have the honorability and liberality expected of a genuinely extraordinary legend. The man of numerous ways Odysseus, notwithstanding, transcends his absolutely human constraints to accomplish an a lot more noteworthy fate, triumphing over the risks of war and meandering to return home to his better half and family. Achilles, the main terrible legend in writing, portrays the two sides of human instinct: Achilles embodies what is ideal and most noticeably awful in human instinct. He is at his best when he?offers sympathy and comfort that uncover his significant comprehension of the human condition. Anyway even under the least favorable conditions he carries on like a narrow minded kid and acts like a fierce mammoth. (Rosenberg 121) We watch the more terrible parts of Achilles' character not long after we first experience him in The Iliad, during his squabble with Agamemnon over the ownership of a mistress. Prior to the gathered Greek pioneers, Achilles gripes that he never gets a lot of the prizes, that the Achaeans don't give him adequate respect, and that he has become tired of battling the Trojans, since to me they have sat idle (Lattimore, 1967:63). At the point when Agamemnon chooses to show him a thing or two and take his mistress Briseis from him, Achilles exhibits an attack of temper and cautions all the Greeks that they will be sorry they would not take into account his wants: And then you will eat out the heart inside you in distress, that you did no respect to the best of the Achaeans (Lattimore, 1967:65). At that point he leaves to mope in his tent. Achilles unarguably is in reality the best of the Achaeans in battle, however since he is the child of a goddess and favored with immunity in fight, chi valry isn't the quality that makes him an extraordinary warrior. His partner among the Trojans, Hector, in truth, is an a lot nobler character- - wanting to his folks, spouse and kids, valiant in fight, and ready to forfeit everything for his kin. In examination with Hector, Achilles takes after something of a mom's kid; truth be told, we see him crying to his mom Thetis

Tuesday, August 4, 2020

Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth essay sample

Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth essay sample Theory of attachment according to H. Harlow and M. Ainsworth work According to the definition, attachment is a strong emotional bond that connects two people tight. This phenomenon is not reciprocal, so its not a rule that both people involved in it, would feel attached to each other. Usually it occurs between a child and parents, usually mother, because newborns spend most of their time with her. Ainsworth and Harlow are two psychologists that studied the theory of attachment and tried to understand its mechanisms. We can find many similar things in these psychologist’s work: first of all, they both assumed that imprinting is not the only reason that explains attachment, that was based on researches of animals and humans. Both scientists used the same methodology for their researches. Another similarity is both these researchers were supposed that attachment affects a lot human behavior and personality. We can see that both scientists demonstrated the high importance of attachments impact for the persons future behavior. Both Harlow and Ainswor th researched the connection between baby and mother as the main component of attachment. Scientists suggest that the tight connection and tactile feelings between baby and mother are quite important thing for them both. The main difference between two researchers work is they used different forms of study. Harlows studying included research of monkey’s behavior: he observed their behavior connected to feeding and to their surrogate mother, when Ainsworth was researching human newborns and their attachment to mothers. Mary demonstrated her 20-minutes experiment that was named the Strange Situation. During this experiment, mother and her newborn were exposed to the stranger, who later stays alone with a baby, and later the baby is left alone before reunion with the mother and stranger. Ainsworth supposed that babies are more interested in discovering the world in mothers presence than when they stay with a stranger, so in her work she proved that attachment is a form of security for children. We can see that Harlow worked only with the origin of theory, when Ainsworth expanded the studying of phenomenon and did more complex research. Harlows research was mostly based only on observing behavior durin g feeding, he didnt pay attention to any other forms of attachment that was done in Ainsworths work. In his work Harlow said that there are 4 types of attachments, when Ainsworth viewed only 3 forms. Another difference is both scientists based their work on different background principles. Harlow mostly used the behaviorist theory, when Ainslows study was based mostly on Freud theory and psychoanalysis principles. Both studies have a lot of similar and different moments, but we can say that both scientists, Ainsworth and Harlow made quite interesting and useful researches that are very important for the further studying of the attachment.

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Battle of the Thames in the War of 1812

The Battle of the Thames was fought October 5, 1813, during the War of 1812 (1812-1815). In the wake of the American victory at the Battle of Lake Erie, Major General William Henry Harrisons army recaptured Detroit before crossing into Canada. Outnumbered, British commander Major General Henry Proctor elected to withdraw east with his Native American allies. On October 5, he turned his army and made a stand near Moraviantown. In the resulting battle, his army was routed and the famed Native American leader Tecumseh was killed. The victory secured the United States northwest frontier for the remainder of the war. Background ​Following the fall of Detroit to Major General Isaac Brock in August 1812, American forces in the Northwest endeavored to recapture the settlement. This was badly hampered due to British naval forces controlling Lake Erie. As a result, Major General William Henry Harrisons Army of the Northwest was forced to remain on the defensive while the U.S. Navy constructed a squadron at Presque Isle, PA. As these efforts progressed, American forces suffered a severe defeat at Frenchtown (River Raisin) as well as endured a siege at Fort Meigs. In August 1813, the American squadron, commanded by Master Commandant Oliver Hazard Perry emerged from Presque Isle. Outnumbered and out-gunned, Commander Robert H. Barclay withdrew his squadron to the British base at Amherstburg to await the completion of HMS Detroit (19 guns). Taking control Lake Erie, Perry was able to cut off the British supply lines to Amherstburg. With the logistical situation worsening, Barclay sailed out to challenge Perry in September. On September 10, the two clashed at the Battle of Lake Erie. After a bitter fought engagement, Perry captured the entire British squadron and sent a dispatch to Harrison stating, We have met the enemy and they are ours. With control of the lake firmly in American hands, Harrison embarked the bulk of his infantry aboard Perrys ships and sailed to recapture Detroit. His mounted forces advanced along the lake shore (Map). The British Retreat At Amherstburg, the British ground commander, Major General Henry Proctor, began planning to withdraw east to Burlington Heights at the western end of Lake Ontario. As part of his preparations, he quickly abandoned Detroit and nearby Fort Malden. Though these moves were opposed by the leader of his Native American forces, the famed Shawnee chief Tecumseh, Proctor proceeded as he was badly outnumbered and his supplies were dwindling. Detested by the Americans as he had allowed the Native Americans to butcher prisoners and wounded after the Battle of Frenchtown, Proctor began retreating up the Thames River on September 27. As the march progressed, the morale of his forces fell and his officers became increasingly dissatisfied with his leadership. Fast Facts: Battle of the Thames Conflict: War of 1812 (1812-1815)Dates: October 5, 1813Armies Commanders:United StatesMajor General William Henry Harrison3,760 menGreat Britain and Native AmericansMajor General Henry ProctorTecumseh1,300 menCasualties:United States: 10-27 killed, and 17-57 woundedGreat Britain 12-18 killed, 22-35 wounded, and 566-579 capturedNative Americans: 16-33 killed Harrison Pursues A veteran of Fallen Timbers and the victor of Tippecanoe, Harrison landed his men and re-occupied Detroit and Sandwich. After leaving garrisons at both locations, Harrison marched out with around 3,700 men on October 2 and began pursuing Proctor. Pushing hard, the Americans began to catch up to the tired British and numerous stragglers were captured along the road. Reaching a location near Moraviantown, a Christian Native American settlement, on October 4, Proctor turned and prepared to meet Harrisons approaching army. Deploying his 1,300 men, he placed his regulars, largely elements of the 41st Regiment of Foot, and one cannon on the left along the Thames while Tecumsehs Native Americans were formed on the right with their flank anchored on a swamp. Shawnee leader Tecumseh. Public Domain Proctors line was interrupted by a small swamp between his men and Tecumsehs Native Americans. To extend his position, Tecumseh lengthened his line into the large swamp and pushed it forward. This would allow it to strike the flank of any attacking force. Approaching the next day, Harrisons command consisted of elements of the U.S. 27th Infantry Regiment as well as a large corps of Kentucky volunteers led by Major General Isaac Shelby. A veteran of the American Revolution, Shelby had commanded troops at the Battle of Kings Mountain in 1780. Shelbys command consisted of five brigades of infantry as well as Colonel Richard Mentor Johnsons 3rd Regiment of Mounted Riflemen (Map). Proctor Routed Nearing the enemy position, Harrison placed Johnsons mounted forces along the river with his infantry inland. Though he initially intended to launch an assault with his infantry, Harrison changed his plan when he saw that the 41st Foot had deployed as skirmishers. Forming his infantry to cover his left flank from Native American attacks, Harrison instructed Johnson to attack the main enemy line. Splitting his regiment into two battalions, Johnson planned to lead one against the Native Americans above the small swamp, while his younger brother, Lieutenant Colonel James Johnson, led the other against the British below. Moving forward, the younger Johnsons men charged down the river road with Colonel George Paulls 27th Infantry in support. Battle of the Thames, October 5, 1813. Library of Congress Striking the British line, they quickly overwhelmed the defenders. In less than ten minutes of fighting, the Kentuckians and Paulls regulars drove off the British and captured Proctors one cannon. Among those who fled was Proctor. To the north, the elder Johnson attacked the Native American line. Led by a forlorn hope of twenty men, the Kentuckians soon became engaged in bitter battle with Tecumsehs warriors. Ordering his men to dismount, Johnson remained in the saddle urging his men forward. In the course of the fighting he was wounded five times. As the fighting raged, Tecumseh was killed. With Johnsons horsemen bogged down, Shelby directed some of his infantry to advance to their aid. As the infantry came up, the Native American resistance began to collapse as word of Tecumsehs death spread. Fleeing into the woods, the retreating warriors were pursued by cavalry led by Major David Thompson. Seeking to exploit the victory, American forces pressed on and burned Moraviantown despite the fact that its Christian Munsee inhabitants had played no role in the fighting. Having won a clear victory and destroyed Proctors army, Harrison elected to return to Detroit as the enlistments of many of his men were expiring. Aftermath In the fighting at the Battle of the Thames Harrisons army suffered 10-27 killed, and 17-57 wounded. British losses totaled 12-18 killed, 22-35 wounded, and 566-579 captured, while their Native American allies lost 16-33 killed. Among the Native American dead were Tecumseh and the Wyandot chief Roundhead. The exact circumstances regarding Tecumsehs death are not known though stories quickly circulated that Richard Mentor Johnson killed the Native American leader. Though he never personally claimed credit, he used the myth during later political campaigns. Credit has also been given to Private William Whitley. The victory at the Battle of the Thames saw American forces effectively take control of the Northwest frontier for the remainder of the war. With Tecumsehs death, much of the Native American threat in the region was eliminated and Harrison was able to conclude truces with many of the tribes. Though a skilled and popular commander, Harrison resigned the following summer after disagreements with Secretary of War John Armstrong.

Monday, May 11, 2020

Ethical Decision Making And Religious Faith Essay

Ethical Decision Making and Religious Faith Troy Gill MSCR680_X41_Rapid Decision Making Regis University Abstract The goal is to examine through literature review if religious faith is deemed to affect the moral or ethical decision-making process of United States Military personnel in a overall sense. But it might also be applied towards everyday civilian study as well. For instance, the United States Marine Corps have been built on a foundation of strong moral values. These are the principled beliefs that shape recruits into men and women of character. Equipped with this skillset they can and can be called upon to make hard rapid decisions in unfavorable situations and increase the likelihood of making solid ethical decisions. Thus the primary question is: How does faith in God or specific religious faith affect the ethical decision making process. Is it a key factor or minimal factor? Can or does it affect persons differently? What components of decision-making might be swayed by particular religious faith? We will simplify this essay to some degree as it could ge both a intensive and hot button topic depending on how in depth we delve into the religious aspect, particularly certain religions. Literature Review Outlining, distinguishing, and deciding ethical problems have been spotlight for abundant examination in sophisticated societies. Sociologists have generated considerable research such as studies and publications from, Ferrell Gresham,; Hunt Show MoreRelatedThe Ethical Issues Of Religion1421 Words   |  6 Pagesexplanations and what may be considered as solutions to the challenges people face. However, the role of religion when it comes to solving serious medical problems is relative, depending on strength of the religious faith and other personal characteristics and values. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Defining Honor Free Essays

If I were to ask half a dozen people at random to tell me what they meant by the word â€Å"honor,† I think that I would probably receive very different answers. One of the reasons for this is that it often means different things in the minds of different people. For instance, we say that it was a great honor for Jim Smith to be elected captain of the football team; and then, on the other hand, we talk about a code of honor, — or the laws of honor. We will write a custom essay sample on Defining Honor or any similar topic only for you Order Now What does Jim Smith’s being captain of the eleven have to do with the laws of honor? What we mean, in the case of Jim, is that his election as captain shows that the other boys have confidence in his play, and therefore this position gives him a local reputation as a comparatively good player and leader. Now many people in the world have only this idea of honor; and, when they speak of holding their honor sacred above all else, they mean keeping their reputation good in the eyes of men. For this reason, they value any office or reward that adds to their reputation; and the more their reputation grows and the more distinction they earn, the more honorable they feels themselves to be. This was the idea of honor existing among the ancient heathen people before the Christian era. You know that, after the fall of the great Roman Empire, there was a period of about a thousand years, when the light of civilization went out in Europe, and the darkness of ignorance and barbarism took its place. During these dark days, there was much going on that was not better and sometimes even worse from a moral point of view than in the days of the Roman Empire; but, when the minds of men began to wake up again, their standards really had advanced further than the old heathen standards of life. A seed Christian principle had been germinating for all these years and finally blossomed out in the Age of Chivalry. This, as you know, was an assertion first of all that the notion that â€Å"Might makes Right† is false, although it had been almost universally believed to be true, in practice, before the coming of Christ. The orders of knighthood which arose in various parts of Europe were composed of men who made it their business to bring order out of confusion, — to kill the wild beasts that interfered with flocks and herds and made farming difficult, — to overpower and abolish the highwaymen and robbers who made traveling unsafe, — and to protect women and children in respect and security. These men bound themselves by solemn vows to keep certain laws which were necessary for carrying out their work, and their obligation or sense of responsibility to keep these laws they called their â€Å"Honor. † Hence a new conception of honor came into being, and their code of honor was the law according to which their conduct was judged among themselves. This is, of course, a very different idea of honor from that which consists of thinking that distinction before men is better worth having than anything else, and which therefore puts reputation above character. Anybody who compares these two ideas of honor can see that the one is only a counterfeit imitation of the other, and that there is not necessary connection between them at all; for a man may have character without reputation, and he may have reputation without character, for reputation may be either true or false; and, when true, it is in many cases because of the character underlying it. But many fine reputations of all sorts are the result of clever self-advertising, and this practice is one of the most destructive and degrading to character and true manliness. This is so because, when we seek reputation for its own sake, we are yielding to the temptation of vanity; and vanity is a weakness and disease of the soul. Everybody has temptations to overcome, and it is everybody’s business to know and work against his weaknesses; but, when our chief ambition in life fosters our weakness, and we deceive ourselves by giving the name of â€Å"honor† to that which weakens us, we can hardly expect to grow stronger as the years go by. The old knights had the right idea of honor, and there have been a great variety of orders of chivalry in different countries, such as those mentioned in the Boy Scout Manual; and the main idea in all of them was to hold up a standard of public service which would raise men above the habits and customs of selfish brutes and merely worldly men. There is another great distinction between these two conceptions of honor: when we think of our reputation as our honor we require spectators, for our reputation is what we are in the minds of other men; but the honor of character, which is our sacred obligation to keep the law of our code and to do our duty in God’s sight, is just as binding upon us when we are all alone, and therefore it must control our most private acts and secret thoughts. A little newsboy boarded a crowded car the other night with a very large bundle of papers, and the conductor, with coarse good-nature, tried to favor him by declining to take his fare, although of course he could not do this without cheating the railway. The boy looked at him with indignation and could not believe that he was the conductor. He went all through the car hunting for the real conductor to whom he could pay his fair. This little boy was richer than if he had had millions in bank in place of this high-minded feeling of honorable independence and of determination to fulfil all his obligations; and, if he remains true to this principle in all the phases of his life, he will accomplish far more than if he amassed millions, or became President of the United States. He will add to the joy and dignity of many other lives as well as his own; for, sooner or later, every human being finds out that without this loyalty to honor life cannot be happy, is — indeed, not worth living. But we must be careful to remember that, although this is such an important and central truth, we cannot expect every one to know about it; and therefore we cannot expect them to act accordingly. In this, as in all other such matters, we must be on our guard against feeling superior to those who have not had our advantages. Next to keeping our own obligations of honor is the duty of protecting the honor of all those with whom we have contact; — and especially of the weak and ignorant. The weak must be protected by whatever means is necessary and appropriate, and the ignorant may be taught if we go about it quietly and in a friendly spirit, without â€Å"laying down the law. † Of course, it is the duty of patrol leaders to see that all their boys understand as thoroughly as possible the nature of the obligations which they have taken upon themselves. It is also the duty of scouts to hand along whatever helpful knowledge they have to other scouts within reach of their friendship. But this holds good not only for boy scouts and their officers but for all men; and it cannot be done unless, in the first place, we ourselves try to practice what we teach and then teach it with a humble appreciation of the beauty or use of the subject, and without any vanity or conceit. There is no merit, but only privilege, — so great that it is difficult to estimate, — in teaching and being taught to understand and live by the deep and tested truths of life; and the more we learn, from obeying them, the more humbly grateful we shall be. How to cite Defining Honor, Essay examples

Thursday, April 30, 2020

The Psychological Reactions Caused by Relaxation and Arousal free essay sample

This study’s main reason is to explore the psychological reactions by the idea of relaxation and arousal. A total of thirty eight students t part in this experiment. This study followed a within subject design in witch the independent variables were the music, witch was playing in the start, the touch stimuli and the music, witch was playing in the end of the experiment. However the dependent variables were the galvanic skin response (GSR), the heart rate and the respiratory rate. The psychological reactions were measured by the biopac student lab package. Â  Participants A total of thirty eight students participated in this experiment. The experimenter used opportunity sampling and the subject were first year psychology undergraduate students from the University of Bradford. The participants were asked if they want to participate and their selection was based on their health. Design This experiment followed a within subject design. This study was having two types of variables. We will write a custom essay sample on The Psychological Reactions Caused by Relaxation and Arousal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The heart rate, the galvanic skin response (GSR) and the respiratory rate were the dependent variables. However the independent variables were the touch stimuli and the music that was played when the experiment was start and the music was played after the touch stimuli. Materials The biopac student lab package was used to measure the heart rate, the galvanic skin response (GSR) and the respiratory rate. Both participants heard the same music played from a cassette player. In both groups the experimenter measured the baseline after putting the cables of biopac on participants fingers to measure all the above. In this study has already been used two questioners. The first one was verbal and was asking general questions about the participants health and their consent to continue this experiment. The second one was a multiple choice questionnaire with also some short answer questions. It was asking the participants to describe their emotions during the experiment. The purpose of the firs questioner was to check if the participants were able to take part in this experiment. The second was testing if the participants feelings was linked with the results that were collected ,from the biopac student lab, after the experiment. Procedure In this study eight groups took part. The participant were having a seat in a computer desk in front of the screen witch was showing the measurements in the biopac system. They also were attached to the machines. The experimenter was put some Vaseline in the parts of the GSR and heart rate electrodes that was connected to the finger tips. The GSR electrodes was connected to a finger tip and the heart rate electrodes to the opposite one and the respiratory rate band was placed around the upper chest area. The participants were asked to complete a verbal questionnaire about their health and also asked if they want to participate in this experiment. This questionnaire was given before the experiment started. When the experiment started and the participants were connected to the machines they were asked from the experimenter if they feel comfortable. Also the experimenter gave some basic instructions and a brief description of the experiment. In the lab were two participants witch was seating in front of two screens. Were also two experimenters, one for each participant and some observers two of which were giving the touch stimuli. A peace of classical music was the start of this experiment. This music was playing for two minutes. When the song stop playing the experimenter asked from two people of whom were observing to touch the subjects by going behind the participants and placing their hands in participants shoulders and moving them to their hands. Through this way they were giving the touch stimuli. After that the second peace of music start playing for two more minute